duration electrical stimuli Search Results


electrical current  (AutoMate Scientific Inc)
96
AutoMate Scientific Inc electrical current
Electrical Current, supplied by AutoMate Scientific Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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electrical stimulation  (UGO Basile S.R.L)
93
UGO Basile S.R.L electrical stimulation
( A ) Drug-resistant psychomotor seizures were induced by <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation</t> through the cornea, 60 min after i.p. injection of VHC (n = 8), CQ (5 mg/kg, n = 8) and CQ (10 mg/kg, n=7). Mean seizure durations (± SD) are depicted. Statistical differences: *p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test ( B, C ) The hippocampal mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory genes and Phgdh in CQ-treated SHAM and SSSE animals is represented as dot plots with median represented by a line. Statistical differences: ****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01 and *p<0.05 by two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparison test.
Electrical Stimulation, supplied by UGO Basile S.R.L, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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electrical stimulator digitimer ds2a  (Digitimer North America LLC)
90
Digitimer North America LLC electrical stimulator digitimer ds2a
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Electrical Stimulator Digitimer Ds2a, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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ds7  (Digitimer Ltd)
90
Digitimer Ltd ds7
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Ds7, supplied by Digitimer Ltd, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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constant current high voltage stimulator  (AutoMate Scientific Inc)
96
AutoMate Scientific Inc constant current high voltage stimulator
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Constant Current High Voltage Stimulator, supplied by AutoMate Scientific Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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pg4000a digital stimulator  (Cygnus Technologies)
90
Cygnus Technologies pg4000a digital stimulator
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Pg4000a Digital Stimulator, supplied by Cygnus Technologies, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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electrical stimulator  (NPI Electronic GmbH)
90
NPI Electronic GmbH electrical stimulator
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Electrical Stimulator, supplied by NPI Electronic GmbH, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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myopacer cell stimulator  (IonOptix)
90
IonOptix myopacer cell stimulator
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Myopacer Cell Stimulator, supplied by IonOptix, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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train of biphasic constant current square wave pulses ds5  (Digitimer North America LLC)
90
Digitimer North America LLC train of biphasic constant current square wave pulses ds5
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Train Of Biphasic Constant Current Square Wave Pulses Ds5, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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stimulator a320rc  (World Precision Instruments)
86
World Precision Instruments stimulator a320rc
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Stimulator A320rc, supplied by World Precision Instruments, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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high frequency stimulation parameters  (Enterra Feed Corporation)
90
Enterra Feed Corporation high frequency stimulation parameters
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
High Frequency Stimulation Parameters, supplied by Enterra Feed Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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constant-voltage isolated stimulator  (Digitimer North America LLC)
90
Digitimer North America LLC constant-voltage isolated stimulator
Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to <t>electrical</t> <t>stimulation.</t> (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.
Constant Voltage Isolated Stimulator, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Image Search Results


( A ) Drug-resistant psychomotor seizures were induced by electrical stimulation through the cornea, 60 min after i.p. injection of VHC (n = 8), CQ (5 mg/kg, n = 8) and CQ (10 mg/kg, n=7). Mean seizure durations (± SD) are depicted. Statistical differences: *p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test ( B, C ) The hippocampal mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory genes and Phgdh in CQ-treated SHAM and SSSE animals is represented as dot plots with median represented by a line. Statistical differences: ****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01 and *p<0.05 by two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparison test.

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Clioquinol improves catalytic activity of PHGDH and shows antiseizure efficacy in patients

doi: 10.1101/2024.09.28.24314470

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Drug-resistant psychomotor seizures were induced by electrical stimulation through the cornea, 60 min after i.p. injection of VHC (n = 8), CQ (5 mg/kg, n = 8) and CQ (10 mg/kg, n=7). Mean seizure durations (± SD) are depicted. Statistical differences: *p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test ( B, C ) The hippocampal mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory genes and Phgdh in CQ-treated SHAM and SSSE animals is represented as dot plots with median represented by a line. Statistical differences: ****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01 and *p<0.05 by two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: 1h after injection, corneas were moisturized by an ocular anesthetic (lidocaine, 0.5%) and psychomotor seizures were induced by corneal electrical stimulation (6 Hz, 0.2 ms rectangular pulse width, 3s duration, 44 mA) using an ECT Unit 5780 (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy).

Techniques: Injection, Expressing, Comparison

Drug-resistant psychomotor seizures were induced by electrical stimulation through the cornea, 60 min after i.p. injection of vehicle (VHC, n = 9), FA (20 mg/kg, n = 6) and FA (20 mg/kg, n=6). Mean seizure durations (±SD) are depicted. Statistical differences: ***p<0.001 and **p<0.01 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Clioquinol improves catalytic activity of PHGDH and shows antiseizure efficacy in patients

doi: 10.1101/2024.09.28.24314470

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug-resistant psychomotor seizures were induced by electrical stimulation through the cornea, 60 min after i.p. injection of vehicle (VHC, n = 9), FA (20 mg/kg, n = 6) and FA (20 mg/kg, n=6). Mean seizure durations (±SD) are depicted. Statistical differences: ***p<0.001 and **p<0.01 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: 1h after injection, corneas were moisturized by an ocular anesthetic (lidocaine, 0.5%) and psychomotor seizures were induced by corneal electrical stimulation (6 Hz, 0.2 ms rectangular pulse width, 3s duration, 44 mA) using an ECT Unit 5780 (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy).

Techniques: Injection

Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to electrical stimulation. (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Validation of optical voltage reporting by the genetically encoded voltage indicator VSFP-Butterfly from cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12468

Figure Lengend Snippet: Butterfly VSFP 2.1 robustly monitors voltage transients from populations of L2/3 pyramidal neurons in response to electrical stimulation. (A) Widefield images of Butterfly expression, mCitrine, yellow and mKate2, red, in a living slice (spatial scale bar 100 μ m) with position of electrical stimulation and recording electrodes; inset shows a schematic of Butterfly FRET pairs. (B) Widefield imaging responses from Butterfly mCitrine (donor) and mKate2 (acceptor) (average of 10 sweeps, scale bars 1 sec; 0.1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 apply to both 1× and 5× responses), from a region of interest placed in L2/3 (rectangle in A), in response to 1× and 5× electrical stimulation (20 V, downward arrows) with accompanying LFPs, scale bars 0.1 mV; 50 ms. Note the decrease in donor fluorescence and increase in acceptor fluorescence as expected from modulation of FRET efficacy. (C) Summary data from seven animals illustrating the robust and reproducible nature of the optical readout, all individual values are shown with mean ± SEM in gray. (D) Butterfly signal as a function of stimulation intensity, values are mean ± SEM (data is from 5 to 8 slices at each stimulation intensity). Inset is an example recording, note the fast (arrowhead) and slow components of the Butterfly signal at high stimulation intensities, scale bars 100 ms; 0.2% Δ R / R 0 . (E) Imaging of electrical stimulation-induced voltage transients using two-photon microscopy mCitrine (left, yellow) and mKate2 fluorescence (right, red); stimulating (center) and recording electrode (top right corner), scale bar 100 μ m. Lower panel shows color-coded sequence of voltage maps 40 ms before to 160 ms after stimulation ( t = 0, 5 pulses, 0.2 ms, 100 Hz). Depolarization initiates close to the stimulating electrode tip and then spreads to nearby areas. (F) Donor (mCitrine), Acceptor (mKate2), and Ratio (mKate2/mCitrine) fluorescence transients from the region of interest above (scale bars 1% Δ F / F 0 and Δ R / R 0 ; 250 ms). Black arrows indicate time of electrical stimulation. Traces represent average over 25 trials. Inset shows associated LFP, scale bars 1 mV; 10 ms.

Article Snippet: Single, 1× and repeat, 5× (50 Hz) electrical stimulation (constant positive polarity voltage, 100–200 μ sec duration, Digitimer DS2A, Iso-Flex AMPI, Israel) used a monopolar-stimulating electrode (1–1.5 MΩ, resistance) placed remotely (4–500 μ m away but in the cortical column, or closer in L2/3 for 2-photon [2P] imaging) from the recording electrode and imaging area.

Techniques: Expressing, Imaging, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Sequencing

Electrical stimulation-induced Butterfly VSFP2.1 signals from the layer 2/3 population are predominantly synaptic but also contain a fast action potential-mediated component.(A) High stimulation voltage (90 V) -induced Butterfly response integrated over a large region of L2/3 (16× objective, 300 μ m × 300 μ m, average of five sweeps, widefield imaging) showing an initial fast component followed by a slower, longer lasting component (scale bars 0.5% Δ R / R 0 , 500 ms). The LFP exhibits a fast antidromic action potential and slower synaptic response (scale bars 0.1 mV, 5 ms), stimulus artifacts are removed. (B) pharmacological treatment with the excitatory glutamatergic synaptic blockers CNQX and APV reduces the Butterfly signal, leaving a TTX sensitive component remaining. Error bars are mean ± SEM and *** and * represent P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA).

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Validation of optical voltage reporting by the genetically encoded voltage indicator VSFP-Butterfly from cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12468

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrical stimulation-induced Butterfly VSFP2.1 signals from the layer 2/3 population are predominantly synaptic but also contain a fast action potential-mediated component.(A) High stimulation voltage (90 V) -induced Butterfly response integrated over a large region of L2/3 (16× objective, 300 μ m × 300 μ m, average of five sweeps, widefield imaging) showing an initial fast component followed by a slower, longer lasting component (scale bars 0.5% Δ R / R 0 , 500 ms). The LFP exhibits a fast antidromic action potential and slower synaptic response (scale bars 0.1 mV, 5 ms), stimulus artifacts are removed. (B) pharmacological treatment with the excitatory glutamatergic synaptic blockers CNQX and APV reduces the Butterfly signal, leaving a TTX sensitive component remaining. Error bars are mean ± SEM and *** and * represent P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA).

Article Snippet: Single, 1× and repeat, 5× (50 Hz) electrical stimulation (constant positive polarity voltage, 100–200 μ sec duration, Digitimer DS2A, Iso-Flex AMPI, Israel) used a monopolar-stimulating electrode (1–1.5 MΩ, resistance) placed remotely (4–500 μ m away but in the cortical column, or closer in L2/3 for 2-photon [2P] imaging) from the recording electrode and imaging area.

Techniques: Imaging